Trending Drugs Combination to Target Leukemia associated Proteins/Genes: using Graph Neural Networks under the RAIN Protocol

Abstract

Leukemia is a cancer that impacts the tissues responsible for forming blood in the body, such as the bone marrow and lymphatic system. The treatment approach for leukemia is multifaceted and is determined by factors such as the specific type of leukemia. The care plan for a patient with leukemia should prioritize comfort, reduce the negative effects of chemotherapy, preserve veins, address complications, and offer education and emotional support. This paper examines existing research on combinations of medications for Leukemia. Administering a combination of drugs may reduce the likelihood of a tumour developing resistance to the treatment. Utilizing multiple drugs simultaneously enables the administration of all medications as early as possible in the course of the disease, rather than delaying. To recommend a drug combination to treat/manage Leukemia, under first step of RAIN protocol, we have searched articles including related trend drugs using Natural Language Processing. In the second step, we have employed Graph Neural Network to pass information between these trending drugs and genes that act as potential targets for Leukemia. As a result, the Graph Neural network recommends combining Tretinoin, Asparaginase, and Cytarabine. The network meta-analysis confirmed the effectiveness of these drugs on associated genes.  The p-value between leukemia and the scenario that includes combinations of the mentioned drugs is almost zero, indicating an improvement in leukemia treatment. Reviews of clinical trials on these medications support this claim.